S 1256 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Demetrius I), bronze, 3 units (200-180 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9008

200 BCE - 180 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of elephant right, with bell around neck. Border of dots.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ (Greek).Caduceus. In left field, monogram.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Bactria (uncertain mint)

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Bactria

Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Bactrian Kingdom, Demetrius I (Indo-Greek king, c. 200–180 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

200 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

180 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

11.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

3 units

StandardStandard.:

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Glenn 20201Glenn 2020, p. 280-288, no. 1-134.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	24	44.44	24	17.91	O2, O7, O13, O14, O15, O22, O23, O24, O25, O27, O29, O30, O32, O34, O35, O36, O38, O43, O44, O47, O48, O49, O50, O54
2	14	25.93	28	20.9	O4, O5, O6, O16, O18, O20, O28, O31, O33, O37, O40, O42, O46, O52
3	4	7.41	12	8.96	O3, O8, O11, O51
4	7	12.96	28	20.9	O1, O10, O12, O17, O21, O41, O53
5	2	3.7	10	7.46	O19, O26
9	1	1.85	9	6.72
11	1	1.85	11	8.21	O39
12	1	1.85	12	8.96	O45
Total	54 of 54	99.99	134 of 134	100.02

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	54	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	24
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	105	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	134
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	2.48	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.28
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.94	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	44.44 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	75.57	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	1,511,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	90.45	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00009
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	82.09%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	3,546.38
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	8,865.95

Remarks

References

^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.