S 121 - Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia, bronze, Module 1 (system of 4 modules), 169/8-164 BC
From SILVER
169 BCE - 164 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Antiochus IV right, wearing a diadem and a radiate crown. (In the field, Δ, Z or CI.) Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY and "To Laodicea mother of Canaan" (Greek and Phoenician).Baal Bérytos facing, wearing a flat tiara and an himation, holding a patera in the right hand and a trident in the left hand. (In the field, ΛΑ/(M)-Φ/(N.)) Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Berytus / Laodicea in Phoenicia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria (Phoenicia) | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid king, 175-164 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 169 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 164 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | Module 1 (system of 4 modules) | StandardStandard.: |
Image
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S 121 - Berytus - Laodicea in Phoenicia Bronze Module 1 system of 4 modules 169-8-164 BC (Sawaya 2004, Pl.10 D1-R2).png
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Sawaya 20041Sawaya 2004, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18 (p. 134-135, no. 1, 5-15 and 17-26, p. 136, no. 28-59, p. 137, no. 65-68). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 16 | 57.14 | 16 | 27.59 | D1 (no issue mark), D2 (Δ), D3 (Δ), D4 (Δ), D5 (Δ), D6 (Δ), D7 (Δ), D8 (Δ), D9 (Δ), D4 (Z), D8 (CI), D9 (CI), D10 (CI), D12 (CI), D13 (CI), D1 (?) |
| 2 | 6 | 21.43 | 12 | 20.69 | D1 (Δ), D1 (Z), D3 (Z), D1 (CI), D2 (CI), D6 (CI) |
| 3 | 4 | 14.29 | 12 | 20.69 | D2 (Z), D3 (CI), D7 (CI), D11 (CI) |
| 5 | 1 | 3.57 | 5 | 8.62 | D5 (CI) |
| 6 | 1 | 3.57 | 6 | 10.34 | D4 (CI) |
| Total | 28 of 28 | 100 | 51 of 58 | 87.93 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 28 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 44 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 58 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.07 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.32 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.57 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 44.2 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 884,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 54.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 72.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,624.43 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,561.09 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Sawaya, Ziad (2004) "Le Monnayage Municipal Séleucide de Bérytos (169/8-114/3 ? av. J.-C.)", Numismatic Chronicle 164, p. 109-146, pl. 10-18.
