S 1177 - Sardis, bronze, 133-100 BC
From SILVER
133 BCE - 100 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Different types: 1) Bust of Cybele right, wearing veil and mural crown (group 7), 2) Bust of Artemis right, wearing stephane (group 11). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ (Greek).Several types: 1) Zeus Lydius left. In field, monogram (group 7), 2) Athena Nikephoros left. In field, magistrate name (group 11). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 133 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 100 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Hochard 20201Hochard 2020, p. 358-370, series 4, groups 7 and 11, no. 1826 and 1861-1876. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 7 | 43.75 | 7 | 9.21 | |
| 2 | 4 | 25 | 8 | 10.53 | |
| 5 | 1 | 6.25 | 5 | 6.58 | |
| 11 | 1 | 6.25 | 11 | 14.47 | |
| 12 | 1 | 6.25 | 12 | 15.79 | |
| 16 | 1 | 6.25 | 16 | 21.05 | |
| 17 | 1 | 6.25 | 17 | 22.37 | |
| Total | 16 of 16 | 100 | 76 of 76 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 16 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 25 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 76 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.75 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.04 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.56 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 43.75 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 17.95 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 359,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20.27 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00021 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90.79% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,467.97 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,169.92 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2020), Lydie, terre d'empire(s): Etude de numismatique et d'histoire (228 a.C.-268 p.C.), 2 vol., Bordeaux, 2020, 1325 p.
