S 1156 - Cabyle (?) (Cavarus), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/Zeus aetophorus) (220-218 BCE)
From SILVER
220 BCE - 218 BCE Silver 336 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΚΑΥΑΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, nude to the waist, holding eagle and scepter. In left field, Artemis facing and hodling torches. |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cabyle | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Cavarus (king of Thrace, 219-210 BCE), Tylis |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 220 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 218 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image

RQEM ad. 1156 - Cabyle, silver, tetradrachm, 220-218 BC.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Gerassimov 19571Gerassimov 1957, p. 1-5, Draganov 19932Draganov 1993, p. 147-148 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
12 | 1 | 100 | 12 | 100 | 5 |
Total | 1 of 1 | 100 | 12 of 12 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 1 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 0 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 4 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 12 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 1 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 20,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 1.09 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00060 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 24,000 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 336 kg <br /> 336 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 60,000 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military This obverse die is linked to reverses in the name of Alexander the Great