S 1025 - Lebedus, silver, tetradrachm, 160-140 BC
From SILVER
160 BCE - 140 BCE Silver 3,684 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right, wearing crested Attic helmet. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΛΕΒΕΔΙΩΝ (Greek). |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Lebedus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 160 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 140 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Kinns 19801Kinns 1980, p. 549-550 (Period III, AR IB, D1/D9-R1/R23). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 33.33 | 3 | 10 | |
| 2 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 | 6.67 | |
| 3 | 1 | 11.11 | 3 | 10 | |
| 4 | 1 | 11.11 | 4 | 13.33 | |
| 5 | 1 | 11.11 | 5 | 16.67 | |
| 6 | 1 | 11.11 | 6 | 20 | |
| 7 | 1 | 11.11 | 7 | 23.33 | |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 99.99 | 30 of 30 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 30 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.56 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 11.03 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 220,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12.86 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 90% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,439.71 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,684 kg <br /> 3,684 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,599.27 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Kinns, Philip (1980), Studies in the coinage of Ionia: Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, c. 400-30 B.C., unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge University.
