Rome, gold, aurei (veiled head of Vesta/lituus, capis, and securis) (RRC 466/1 Caesar and Hirtius - 46 BCE)
From SILVER
46 BCE - 46 BCE Gold 199,033 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | C • CAESAR COS TER around (Latin).Veiled head of female (Vesta or Pietas?) right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | A • HIRTIVS • PR around from lower left (Latin).Emblems of the augurate and pontificate: lituus, capis, and securis |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rome | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Latium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic, Julius Caesar (Roman general, statesman, Consul and Dictator Perpetuus, 100-44 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 46 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 46 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | aureus | StandardStandard.: |
Image
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S 1478 - Rome, gold, aurei (RRC 466-1 - 46 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Molinari 20031Molinari 2003 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RRC2RRC, n° 468/1 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 24 | 21.82 | 24 | 4.49 | 16, 21, 36, 38, 44, 52, 62, 63, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 107, 108 |
| 2 | 24 | 21.82 | 48 | 8.99 | 9, 11, 14, 17, 22, 29, 33, 34, 35, 40, 43, 45, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 77, 78, 84, 85, 96, 101 |
| 3 | 11 | 10 | 33 | 6.18 | 8, 30, 41, 46, 49, 50, 61, 65, 72, 102, 109 |
| 4 | 14 | 12.73 | 56 | 10.49 | 24, 27, 32, 56, 66, 79, 80, 83, 94, 98, 100, 103, 110, 111 |
| 5 | 11 | 10 | 55 | 10.3 | 3, 10, 23, 26, 28, 39, 51, 60, 64, 82, 87 |
| 6 | 4 | 3.64 | 24 | 4.49 | 5, 55, 74, 105 |
| 7 | 4 | 3.64 | 28 | 5.24 | 6, 19, 86, 106 |
| 8 | 4 | 3.64 | 32 | 5.99 | 4, 47, 70, 90 |
| 9 | 3 | 2.73 | 27 | 5.06 | 13, 18, 42 |
| 10 | 2 | 1.82 | 20 | 3.75 | 67, 68 |
| 11 | 1 | 0.91 | 11 | 2.06 | 25 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.91 | 12 | 2.25 | 20 |
| 14 | 2 | 1.82 | 28 | 5.24 | 15, 31 |
| 15 | 1 | 0.91 | 15 | 2.81 | 12 |
| 18 | 1 | 0.91 | 18 | 3.37 | 37 |
| 25 | 1 | 0.91 | 25 | 4.68 | 7 |
| 31 | 1 | 0.91 | 31 | 5.81 | 2 |
| 47 | 1 | 0.91 | 47 | 8.8 | 1 |
| Total | 110 of 110 | 100.03 | 534 of 534 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 110 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 24 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 322 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 534 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.85 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.66 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.93 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.82 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 122.86 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,457,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 138.54 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.51% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,692.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 199,033 kg <br /> 199,033 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 21,732.05 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Certainly military
