Pydna, bronze, tetrachalka (4.1g) (Heracles/eagle devouring serpent) (393-369 BCE)
From SILVER
393 BCE - 369 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Herakles to right, wearing lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | [[Reverse legend::ΠYΔNA[IΩN]]] (Greek).Eagle standing right, devouring serpent held in talons. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pydna | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 393 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 369 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrachalkon
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Tselekas 1996, p. 11-32, n° A1-A56. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 3.1, n° 656, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 162 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 26 | 70.27 | 26 | 44.83 | 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 |
| 2 | 6 | 16.22 | 12 | 20.69 | 1, 4, 13, 15, 20, 32 |
| 3 | 1 | 2.7 | 3 | 5.17 | 10 |
| 4 | 3 | 8.11 | 12 | 20.69 | 5, 29, 30 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.7 | 5 | 8.62 | 26 |
| Total | 37 of 37 | 100 | 58 of 58 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 26 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 50 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 58 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.57 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.16 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.35 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 70.27 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 82.15 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,643,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 102.19 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 55.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,412.05 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,530.13 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Tselekas, Panagiotis (1996), The Coinage of Acanthus, Oxford, St Cross College, DPhil, 350 p., 7 maps, 53 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
