Punjab (uncertain mint) (Menander), gold, staters (Athena/owl) (155-130 BCE)
From SILVER
155 BCE - 130 BCE Gold 4,386 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Bust of Athena right, wearing helmet, in circle of bead-and-reel. |
| Reverse: | Owl right, head facing, within bead and reel border. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient region: | Bactria | Modern country: India | Authority: | Indo-Greek kingdom, Menander I Soter (Indo-Greek king of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, 165/155 -130 BC) |
Chronology
| From | 155 BCE | to | 130 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Gold
|
Median weight in grams | 8.60 | Denomination: | stater
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 200, n° 1-2 | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 16.67 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 | 50 | 5 | 83.33 | 1 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 6 of 6 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 2 | Number of coins (n) | 6 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 3 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 2.55 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 51,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 3 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 4,705.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,386 kg <br /> 4,386 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 11,764.71 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation BIGR: 6 coins struck with 2 obverses and 3 obverses
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.
