Punjab (uncertain mint) (Eucratides), silver, tetradrachms (Eucrarides/riding Dioscuri) (171-145 BCE)
From SILVER
171 BCE - 145 BCE Silver 111,861 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bust of Eucratides right, wearing diadem and crested helmet with horn and bull's ear, within bead and reel border. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ EYKPATIΔΟΥ (Greek).Dioscuroi riding right, each of them wearing pileus with star, armour and chlamys, holding spear ad palm. In field, a monogram. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Punjab (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: India | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Eucratides I of Bactria (Indo-Greek king, c. 171-145 BC), Indo-Greek kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 171 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 145 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bordeaux 2018, p. 258-281, n° 1-751 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 134 | 51.94 | 134 | 17.84 | |
| 2 | 55 | 21.32 | 110 | 14.65 | |
| 3 | 25 | 9.69 | 75 | 9.99 | |
| 4 | 8 | 3.1 | 32 | 4.26 | |
| 5 | 19 | 7.36 | 95 | 12.65 | |
| 6 | 5 | 1.94 | 30 | 3.99 | |
| 7 | 3 | 1.16 | 21 | 2.8 | |
| 8 | 2 | 0.78 | 16 | 2.13 | |
| 9 | 1 | 0.39 | 9 | 1.2 | |
| 11 | 1 | 0.39 | 11 | 1.46 | |
| 13 | 2 | 0.78 | 26 | 3.46 | |
| 20 | 1 | 0.39 | 20 | 2.66 | |
| 22 | 1 | 0.39 | 22 | 2.93 | |
| Total | 257 of 258 | 99.63 | 601 of 751 | 80.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 258 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 134 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 474 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 751 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.91 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.58 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.84 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 51.94 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 332.92 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 6,658,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 393.02 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.16% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,511.59 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 111,861 kg <br /> 111,861 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,278.99 |
Remarks
Certainly military
References
- ^ Bordeaux, Olivier (2018), s (IIIe s. a.C.-Ier s. p.C.), Numismatica Antiqua 8, Bordeaux, 326 p.
