Phaselis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/Zeus) (221-188 BCE)
From SILVER
221 BCE - 188 BCE Silver 16,293 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated to left on throne, in left field: KΓ (date), Φ below throne, c/m: anchor within incuse rectangle. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phaselis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lycia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 221 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 188 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Heipp-Tamer 1993, Series 9, p. 140-156, n° 160-322. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5339, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Price 1991, n° 2831-2875, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 257 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 5 | 11.11 | 5 | 1.86 | 2, 8, 9, 20, 26 |
| 2 | 2 | 4.44 | 4 | 1.49 | 23, 35 |
| 3 | 4 | 8.89 | 12 | 4.46 | 4, 6, 12, 41 |
| 4 | 7 | 15.56 | 28 | 10.41 | 13, 19, 21, 31, 37, 38, 42 |
| 5 | 7 | 15.56 | 35 | 13.01 | 7, 11, 14, 17, 29, 33, 45 |
| 6 | 3 | 6.67 | 18 | 6.69 | 5, 25, 32 |
| 7 | 6 | 13.33 | 42 | 15.61 | 1, 10, 30, 36, 39, 43 |
| 9 | 2 | 4.44 | 18 | 6.69 | 24, 44 |
| 10 | 3 | 6.67 | 30 | 11.15 | 3, 16, 22 |
| 11 | 2 | 4.44 | 22 | 8.18 | 15, 40 |
| 13 | 2 | 4.44 | 26 | 9.67 | 28, 34 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.22 | 14 | 5.2 | 18 |
| 15 | 1 | 2.22 | 15 | 5.58 | 27 |
| Total | 45 of 45 | 99.99 | 269 of 269 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 45 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 159 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 269 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.98 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.69 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.53 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 48.49 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 969,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 54.04 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00028 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 11,095.07 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 16,293 kg <br /> 16,293 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 27,737.68 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Heipp-Tamer, Christine (1993), Die Münzprägung der lykischen Stadt Phaselis in griechischer Zeit, Saarbrücken, 182 p., 32 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
