Phaselis (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/Zeus) (221-188 BCE)
From SILVER
221 BCE - 188 BCE Silver 16,293 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| Reverse: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated to left on throne, in left field: KΓ (date), Φ below throne, c/m: anchor within incuse rectangle. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Phaselis | Ancient region: | Lycia | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| From | 221 BCE | to | 188 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 16.80 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Heipp-Tamer 1993, Series 9, p. 140-156, n° 160-322. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5339, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Price 1991, n° 2831-2875, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 257 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 5 | 11.11 | 5 | 1.86 | 2, 8, 9, 20, 26 |
| 2 | 2 | 4.44 | 4 | 1.49 | 23, 35 |
| 3 | 4 | 8.89 | 12 | 4.46 | 4, 6, 12, 41 |
| 4 | 7 | 15.56 | 28 | 10.41 | 13, 19, 21, 31, 37, 38, 42 |
| 5 | 7 | 15.56 | 35 | 13.01 | 7, 11, 14, 17, 29, 33, 45 |
| 6 | 3 | 6.67 | 18 | 6.69 | 5, 25, 32 |
| 7 | 6 | 13.33 | 42 | 15.61 | 1, 10, 30, 36, 39, 43 |
| 9 | 2 | 4.44 | 18 | 6.69 | 24, 44 |
| 10 | 3 | 6.67 | 30 | 11.15 | 3, 16, 22 |
| 11 | 2 | 4.44 | 22 | 8.18 | 15, 40 |
| 13 | 2 | 4.44 | 26 | 9.67 | 28, 34 |
| 14 | 1 | 2.22 | 14 | 5.2 | 18 |
| 15 | 1 | 2.22 | 15 | 5.58 | 27 |
| Total | 45 of 45 | 99.99 | 269 of 269 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 45 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 159 | Number of coins (n) | 269 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 5.98 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.69 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 3.53 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.11 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 48.49 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 969,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 54.04 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00028 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 11,095.07 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 16,293 kg <br /> 16,293 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 27,737.68 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Heipp-Tamer, Christine (1993), Die Münzprägung der lykischen Stadt Phaselis in griechischer Zeit, Saarbrücken, 182 p., 32 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
