Phaselis, silver, staters (Apollo/Athena on prow) (167-130 BCE)
From SILVER
167 BCE - 130 BCE Silver 6,472 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Apollo right, wearing laurel wreath. (Border of dots). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Φ (Greek).Athena Promachos standing right on prow of galley, hurling thunderbolt, serpent to right, Phi to left, THEON below. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phaselis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lycia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 167 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 130 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 11.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Heipp-Tamer 1993, Series 10.2, p. 156-159, n° 327-367. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5337-5338, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 258 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 10 | 47.62 | 10 | 19.23 | 1, 4, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21 |
| 2 | 4 | 19.05 | 8 | 15.38 | 2, 6, 10, 12 |
| 3 | 3 | 14.29 | 9 | 17.31 | 5, 9, 20 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.76 | 4 | 7.69 | 7 |
| 6 | 1 | 4.76 | 6 | 11.54 | 3 |
| 7 | 1 | 4.76 | 7 | 13.46 | 18 |
| 8 | 1 | 4.76 | 8 | 15.38 | 13 |
| Total | 21 of 21 | 100 | 52 of 52 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 21 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 41 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 52 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.48 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.95 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 47.62 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 29.42 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 588,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 35.23 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 80.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,535.01 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,472 kg <br /> 6,472 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,837.53 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Heipp-Tamer, Christine (1993), Die Münzprägung der lykischen Stadt Phaselis in griechischer Zeit, Saarbrücken, 182 p., 32 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
