Pharsalus, silver, hemidrachms (424-405/4 BCE)
From SILVER
424 BCE - 404 BCE Silver 882 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena r., wearing crested Attic helmet with raised cheek pieces, behind neck-guard, Τ−ΙΠ |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦAPΣ (Greek).Horse head r., whole within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pharsalus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thessaly | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 424 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 404 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Lavva 2001, n° 110-27, 129, 133-5, 139-43, 146-51 and 160-2 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 2189, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 183, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 4, n° 632-634 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 3 | 1 | 6.25 | 3 | 1.18 | 60 |
| 4 | 1 | 6.25 | 4 | 1.57 | 66 |
| 5 | 2 | 12.5 | 10 | 3.94 | 54, 71 |
| 6 | 1 | 6.25 | 6 | 2.36 | 53 |
| 7 | 1 | 6.25 | 7 | 2.76 | 67 |
| 9 | 1 | 6.25 | 9 | 3.54 | 70 |
| 10 | 2 | 12.5 | 20 | 7.87 | 55, 62 |
| 11 | 1 | 6.25 | 11 | 4.33 | 57 |
| 13 | 1 | 6.25 | 13 | 5.12 | 63 |
| 19 | 1 | 6.25 | 19 | 7.48 | 56 |
| 26 | 1 | 6.25 | 26 | 10.24 | 69 |
| 28 | 1 | 6.25 | 28 | 11.02 | 75 |
| 44 | 1 | 6.25 | 44 | 17.32 | 74 |
| 54 | 1 | 6.25 | 54 | 21.26 | |
| Total | 16 of 16 | 100 | 254 of 254 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 16 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 254 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 15.75 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 315,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 17.08 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00081 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 32,253.97 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 882 kg <br /> 882 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 80,634.92 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Lavva, Stella (2001), Die Münzprägung von Pharsalos, Saarbrücken, 254 p., 29 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
