Pharsalus, bronze (Athena l./rider) (424-405/4 BCE)
From SILVER
424 BCE - 404 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena left, wearing Corinthian helmet (sometimes with Scylla). Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦA(P) (Greek).Rider with petasos and short chiton to the right, carrying a tropaion. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pharsalus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thessaly | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 424 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 404 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Lavva 2001, n° 164-225 et 238-259 (D77-D125 et D130-D144 ainsi que R97-R152b et R162-R178). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 4, n° 655-660, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 185 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 22 | 34.38 | 22 | 12.57 | 78, 88, 89, 93, 97, 98, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 124, 134, 135, 137, 139, 142 |
| 2 | 16 | 25 | 32 | 18.29 | 79, 87, 92, 94, 102, 104, 108, 119, 122, 125, 132, 133, 138, 140, 141, 143 |
| 3 | 10 | 15.63 | 30 | 17.14 | 81, 83, 96, 99, 101, 103, 105, 106, 131, 144 |
| 4 | 7 | 10.94 | 28 | 16 | 80, 82, 91, 95, 107, 113, 123 |
| 5 | 1 | 1.56 | 5 | 2.86 | 86 |
| 6 | 2 | 3.13 | 12 | 6.86 | 84, 85 |
| 7 | 4 | 6.25 | 28 | 16 | 77, 90, 100, 114 |
| 9 | 2 | 3.13 | 18 | 10.29 | 130, 136 |
| Total | 64 of 64 | 100.02 | 175 of 175 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 64 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 22 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 73 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 175 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.73 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.4 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.14 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 34.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 85.06 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,701,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 100.9 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.43% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,114.74 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 10,286.86 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Lavva, Stella (2001), Die Münzprägung von Pharsalos, Saarbrücken, 254 p., 29 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
