Pharsalus, bronze (Athena facing/rider) (424-405/4 BCE)
From SILVER
424 BCE - 404 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena Parthenos from the front, slightly turned to the right, the cheek flaps of the helmet raised. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Rider with whip to the right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pharsalus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thessaly | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 424 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 404 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Lavva 2001, n° 265-359 (D149-D184 et R183-R259). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 4, n° 645, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 184 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 23.53 | 8 | 3.03 | 152, 164, 168, 169, 173, 174, 175, 183 |
| 2 | 3 | 8.82 | 6 | 2.27 | 162, 181, 182 |
| 4 | 1 | 2.94 | 4 | 1.52 | 184 |
| 5 | 6 | 17.65 | 30 | 11.36 | 150, 151, 157, 158, 167, 177 |
| 6 | 4 | 11.76 | 24 | 9.09 | 156, 160, 161, 180 |
| 8 | 3 | 8.82 | 24 | 9.09 | 163, 165, 178 |
| 10 | 1 | 2.94 | 10 | 3.79 | 171 |
| 11 | 2 | 5.88 | 22 | 8.33 | 149, 179 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.94 | 13 | 4.92 | 155 |
| 16 | 1 | 2.94 | 16 | 6.06 | 159 |
| 19 | 1 | 2.94 | 19 | 7.2 | 166 |
| 21 | 1 | 2.94 | 21 | 7.95 | 176 |
| 26 | 1 | 2.94 | 26 | 9.85 | 172 |
| 41 | 1 | 2.94 | 41 | 15.53 | 170 |
| Total | 34 of 34 | 99.98 | 264 of 264 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 34 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 74 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 264 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.76 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.18 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 23.53 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 35.4 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 708,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00037 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.97% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,915.25 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 37,288.14 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Lavva, Stella (2001), Die Münzprägung von Pharsalos, Saarbrücken, 254 p., 29 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2014), Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 4. Northern and Central Greece : Achaia Phthiotis, Ainis, Magnesia, Malis, Oita, Perrhaibia, Thessaly, Akarnania, Aitolia, Lokris, Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia, Attica, Megaris and Corinthia, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, lxxi, 563 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
