Perge, bronze, 3.9g (Sphinx/Artemis) (260-100 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 13087

260 BCE - 100 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Sphinx seated right, wearing kalathos
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ИANAΨAΣ / ΠPEIIAΣ (Greek).Artemis standing left, holding wreath and sceptre

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Perge

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Pamphylia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

260 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

100 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.90

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

StandardStandard.:

Image

]]S1855 Perge bronze Sphinx Artemis.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Colin 1996, p. 50-56
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5417
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/perge colin 1996 2

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	94	71.21	94	50.81	1/2, 3/2, 3/3, 3/4, 3/5, 3/6, 3/7, 3/8, 3/9, 3/10, 3/11, 4/1, 4/4, 4/5, 4/6, 5/2, 5/3, 5/5, 5/6, 5/7, 5/8, 5/9, 5/10, 5/11, 6/1, 6/2, 6/3, 6/4, 6/5, 6/6, 6/7, 6/8, 6/9, 6/10, 7/1, 7/4, 7/5, 7/6, 8/1, 8/2, 8/3, 8/4, 8/5, 8/7, 9/2, 9/3, 9/4, 9/5, 9/6, 9/7, 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4, 10/6, 10/7, 10/8, 10/11, 10/12, 10/13, 10/16, 11/2, 11/4, 11/5, 11/6, 11/7, 11/8, 11/9, 11/13, 11/14, 11/15, 11/16, 11/17, 11/18, 12/5, 12/6, 13/1, 13/4, 13/7, 14/1, 14/3, 14/4, 15/1, 16/3, 17/2, 17/3, 17/4, 19/1, 19/2, 19/3, 20/1, 20/2, 20/3
2	28	21.21	56	30.27	3/12, 4/2, 4/3, 5/4, 7/2, 7/3, 10/5, 10/9, 10/10, 10/14, 11/1, 11/3, 11/10, 11/11, 11/12, 12/1, 12/2, 12/4, 13/2, 13/3, 13/5, 13/6, 14/2, 16/1, 17/2, 17/5, 18/1, 21/1
3	5	3.79	15	8.11	9/1, 10/5, 12/3, 17/1, 21/2
4	5	3.79	20	10.81	1/1, 3/1, 5/1, 8/6, 16/2
Total	132 of 132	100	185 of 185	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	132	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	94
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	157	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	185
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.4	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.18
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.19	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	71.21 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	366.74	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	7,334,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	460.75	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00003
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	49.19%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	1,008.89
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	2,522.22

Remarks

References

^ Colin, Hans J. (1996), Die Münzen von Perge in Pamphylien aus hellenistischer Zeit, Köln, Kölner Münzkabinett Tyll Kroha, 101 p., 50 pl.
^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762