Pergamum (Attalus II), silver, tetradrachms (Demeter/Cabiri) (145-140 BCE)
From SILVER
145 BCE - 140 BCE Silver 10,797 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Demeter right, wearing wreath of grain ears and triple-pendant earring |
| Reverse: | ΘΕΩΝ ΚΑΒΕΙΡΩΝ ΣΥΡΙΩΝ (Greek).Two Kabeiroi, nude but for cloak tied at their necks, standing facing, each wearing laurel wreath and holding staff in outer hand, monogram to lower right, all within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Pergamum | Ancient region: | Mysia | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: | Attalid Kingdom, Attalus II (220-138 BCE) |
Chronology
| From | 145 BCE | to | 140 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 16.60 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nicolet-Pierre - Amandry 1992, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Meadows 2013, p. 184-191 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear I, n° 3151, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 192, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 6, n° 709 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 16 | Number of coins (n) | 17 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.42 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.06 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 66.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 32.52 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 650,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 40.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 52.94% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 1,045.51 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 10,797 kg <br /> 10,797 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 2,613.78 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Long attributed to Syros, this coinage has convincingly been attributed to the Attalid kingdom (Meadows 2013)
References
- ^ Nicolet-Pierre, Hélène - Amandry, Michel (1992), "Les monnaies d'argent de Syros", Florilegium Numismatica. Studia in Honorem U. Westermark Edita, Stockholm, p. 295-306.
- ^ Meadows, Andrew (2013), "The Closed Currency System of the Attalid Kingdom" in Peter Thonemann (ed.), Attalid Asia Minor. Money, international relations, and the state, Oxford, p. 149-205.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
