Pella (Philip II and Alexander), silver, tetradrachms (348-328 BCE)
From SILVER
348 BCE - 329 BCE Silver 43,635 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (Greek).Nude youth on horseback to right, holding reins and long palm branch, ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ around, thunderbolt below horse, N in exergue. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pella | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom, Philip II (Argead king, 359-336 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 348 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 329 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Le Rider 1977, p. 21-55, n° 140-432 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 112 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 39 | 28.68 | 39 | 5.83 | 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 100, 101, 105, 109, 118, 132, 135, 137, 142, 148, 159, 164, 184, 190, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 213, 217, 218, 219, 229 |
| 2 | 26 | 19.12 | 52 | 7.77 | 82, 84, 85, 88, 92, 94, 120, 127, 130, 141, 143, 144, 160, 166, 167, 180, 195, 202, 205, 215, 216, 220, 224, 227, 228 |
| 3 | 14 | 10.29 | 42 | 6.28 | 83, 123, 147, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 209, 211, 212, 222, 223, 225 |
| 4 | 10 | 7.35 | 40 | 5.98 | 96, 99, 108, 131, 145, 151, 165, 183, 189, 194 |
| 5 | 3 | 2.21 | 15 | 2.24 | 139, 149, 214 |
| 6 | 9 | 6.62 | 54 | 8.07 | 106, 107, 113, 150, 154, 162, 179, 182, 192 |
| 7 | 1 | 0.74 | 7 | 1.05 | 136 |
| 8 | 8 | 5.88 | 64 | 9.57 | 119, 128, 138, 140, 146, 161, 181, 221 |
| 9 | 6 | 4.41 | 54 | 8.07 | 98, 103, 104, 110, 188, 226 |
| 10 | 6 | 4.41 | 60 | 8.97 | 121, 126, 156, 177, 178, 196 |
| 13 | 2 | 1.47 | 26 | 3.89 | 111, 129 |
| 14 | 1 | 0.74 | 14 | 2.09 | 114 |
| 15 | 3 | 2.21 | 45 | 6.73 | 102, 116, 122 |
| 16 | 1 | 0.74 | 16 | 2.39 | 125 |
| 17 | 2 | 1.47 | 34 | 5.08 | 163, 186 |
| 20 | 1 | 0.74 | 20 | 2.99 | 134 |
| 21 | 3 | 2.21 | 63 | 9.42 | 117, 133, 187 |
| 24 | 1 | 0.74 | 24 | 3.59 | 185 |
| Total | 136 of 136 | 100.03 | 669 of 669 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 136 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 39 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 225 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 669 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.92 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.97 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.65 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28.68 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 151.51 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,030,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 170.7 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,831.1 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 43,635 kg <br /> 43,635 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 22,077.75 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
