Pella, Group II (Philip II), gold, staters (Apollo/charioteer) (336-328 BCE)
From SILVER
336 BCE - 328 BCE Gold 293,419 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Apollo to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ (Greek).Charioteer driving chariot drawn by two rearing horses to right, holding reins in his left hand and goad in his right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pella | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Philip II (Argead king, 359-336 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 336 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 328 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.55 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
H 95 - Pella, gold, stater, 345-310 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Le Rider 19771Le Rider 1977, Pella, groupe II | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 6662-6664, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 95, HGC 3.24HGC 3.2, n° 846 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 34 | 22.82 | 34 | 5.43 | 59, 64, 71, 72, 74, 79, 80, 88, 100, 107, 110, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 127, 129, 134, 138, 144, 147, 148, 151, 153, 154, 160, 166, 167, 171, 174, 175 |
| 2 | 25 | 16.78 | 50 | 7.99 | 37, 39, 48, 55, 66, 85, 93, 98, 102, 104, 108, 111, 117, 120, 121, 125, 126, 132, 133, 141, 150, 157, 161, 169, 172 |
| 3 | 21 | 14.09 | 63 | 10.06 | 31, 36, 41, 49, 62, 69, 70, 78, 90, 95, 99, 103, 105106, 109, 124, 136, 139, 146, 152, 168 |
| 4 | 17 | 11.41 | 68 | 10.86 | 38, 42, 46, 54, 63, 68, 76, 77, 86, 89, 96, 137, 142, 149, 156, 168, 173 |
| 5 | 4 | 2.68 | 20 | 3.19 | 83, 84, 94, 140 |
| 6 | 20 | 13.42 | 120 | 19.17 | 29, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51, 58, 60, 65, 67, 73, 81, 87, 92, 112, 114, 128, 165, 170 |
| 7 | 13 | 8.72 | 91 | 14.54 | 32, 33, 44, 56, 61, 82, 91, 101, 145, 158, 163, 164, 167 |
| 8 | 3 | 2.01 | 24 | 3.83 | 30, 52, 166 |
| 9 | 2 | 1.34 | 18 | 2.88 | 34, 135 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.67 | 10 | 1.6 | 143 |
| 11 | 3 | 2.01 | 33 | 5.27 | 97, 130, 159 |
| 13 | 2 | 1.34 | 26 | 4.15 | 57, 162 |
| 14 | 2 | 1.34 | 28 | 4.47 | 35, 155 |
| 19 | 1 | 0.67 | 19 | 3.04 | 75 |
| 22 | 1 | 0.67 | 22 | 3.51 | 53 |
| Total | 149 of 149 | 99.97 | 626 of 626 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 149 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 34 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 243 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 626 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.58 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.63 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 22.82 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 171.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,431,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 195.54 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00018 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.57% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,296.46 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 293,419 kg <br /> 293,419 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,241.16 |
Remarks
Certainly military
References
- ^ Le Rider, Georges (1977), Le Monnayage d'argent et d'or de Philippe II frappé en Macédoine de 359 à 294, Paris, Bourgey.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
