Pella? (Perseus), silver, light tetradrachms (172-168 BCE)
From SILVER
172 BCE - 168 BCE Silver 9,461 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΠΕPΣΕΩΣ (Greek).Eagle standing right on thunderbolt Controls: AY monogram above, HP monogram to right, AN between legs, all within wreath, plow below |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Pella | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Perseus (Antigonid king, c. 212-166 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 172 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 168 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1De Luca 2021, p. 51-64 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 6804, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.1, n° 1094 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 6.45 | 2 | 0.41 | 34, 60 |
| 2 | 2 | 6.45 | 4 | 0.81 | 35, 52 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.23 | 3 | 0.61 | 43 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.23 | 4 | 0.81 | 54 |
| 5 | 2 | 6.45 | 10 | 2.03 | 39, 49 |
| 7 | 3 | 9.68 | 21 | 4.27 | 53, 55, 59 |
| 8 | 1 | 3.23 | 8 | 1.63 | 42 |
| 12 | 1 | 3.23 | 12 | 2.44 | 56 |
| 13 | 1 | 3.23 | 13 | 2.64 | 44 |
| 14 | 2 | 6.45 | 28 | 5.69 | 61, 62 |
| 15 | 1 | 3.23 | 15 | 3.05 | 47 |
| 16 | 1 | 3.23 | 16 | 3.25 | 45 |
| 18 | 1 | 3.23 | 18 | 3.66 | 38 |
| 19 | 1 | 3.23 | 19 | 3.86 | 57 |
| 21 | 2 | 6.45 | 42 | 8.54 | 37, 41 |
| 24 | 1 | 3.23 | 24 | 4.88 | 58 |
| 25 | 1 | 3.23 | 25 | 5.08 | 51 |
| 27 | 2 | 6.45 | 54 | 10.98 | 33, 50 |
| 28 | 1 | 3.23 | 28 | 5.69 | 46 |
| 30 | 1 | 3.23 | 30 | 6.1 | 48 |
| 32 | 1 | 3.23 | 32 | 6.5 | 36 |
| 35 | 1 | 3.23 | 35 | 7.11 | 63 |
| 49 | 1 | 3.23 | 49 | 9.96 | 40 |
| Total | 31 of 31 | 100.06 | 492 of 492 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 31 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 149 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 492 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.87 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.81 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6.45 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 30.52 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 610,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 33.08 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00081 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.59% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 32,241.15 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,461 kg <br /> 9,461 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 80,602.88 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ De Luca, Federico (2021), The tetradrachms of Perseus of Macedonia, Cassino, 123 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
