Paphos (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Olivier
From SILVER
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 9,943 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, aegis around neck |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (Greek).Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, L M (date) to left, ΠA to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Paphos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy I Soter (satrap and Ptolemaic king of Egypt, 323-305 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Olivier 2012, p. 120-126, no. 2122-2142 and 2148-2294. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 7908-7909 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 25 | 8 | 4.79 | 354, 357, 359, 360, 365, 378, 382, 386 |
| 2 | 4 | 12.5 | 8 | 4.79 | 364, 370, 379, 381 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.13 | 3 | 1.8 | 380 |
| 4 | 2 | 6.25 | 8 | 4.79 | 361, 373 |
| 5 | 3 | 9.38 | 15 | 8.98 | 358, 377, 387 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.13 | 6 | 3.59 | 376 |
| 7 | 4 | 12.5 | 28 | 16.77 | 371, 374, 383, 385 |
| 8 | 5 | 15.63 | 40 | 23.95 | 356, 363, 366, 369, 384 |
| 10 | 1 | 3.13 | 10 | 5.99 | 367 |
| 12 | 1 | 3.13 | 12 | 7.19 | 372 |
| 13 | 1 | 3.13 | 13 | 7.78 | 368 |
| 16 | 1 | 3.13 | 16 | 9.58 | 375 |
| Total | 32 of 32 | 100.04 | 167 of 167 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 32 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 101 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 167 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.22 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.65 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.16 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 35.26 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 705,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.59 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00024 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.21% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,472.49 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,943 kg <br /> 9,943 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,681.23 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien (2012), Archè et Chrèmata en Egypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204-81 av. J.-C.). Etude de numismatique et d'histoire, [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Orléans University, 2012.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
