Paphos (Ptolemy VIII), silver, tetradrachms (145-116 BCE) Nicolaou - Mørkholm
From SILVER
145 BCE - 116 BCE Silver 9,526 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II right, wearing diadem. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ (Greek).Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt, with wings closed, L KH (date) to left, ΠA to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Paphos | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cyprus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC), Ptolemy VIII Physcon (169-164, 144-132/1 and 126-116 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 145 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 116 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Ptolemaic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nicolaou - Mørkholm 1976 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 7908-7909, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 316 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 11 | 39.29 | 11 | 11.46 | 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31 |
| 2 | 3 | 10.71 | 6 | 6.25 | 15, 18, 30 |
| 3 | 2 | 7.14 | 6 | 6.25 | 11, 32 |
| 4 | 2 | 7.14 | 8 | 8.33 | 16, 21 |
| 5 | 3 | 10.71 | 15 | 15.63 | 19, 22, 28 |
| 6 | 5 | 17.86 | 30 | 31.25 | 8, 12, 14, 17, 29 |
| 7 | 1 | 3.57 | 7 | 7.29 | 13 |
| 13 | 1 | 3.57 | 13 | 13.54 | 20 |
| Total | 28 of 28 | 99.99 | 96 of 96 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 28 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 11 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 84 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 96 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.43 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 39.29 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 34.02 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 680,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.53 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.54% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,643.74 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,526 kg <br /> 9,526 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,109.35 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Nicolaou, Ino - Mørkholm, Otto (1976), A Ptolemaic coin hoard, Nicosia, Nicosia Printing Works, 115 p., 22 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
