Panticapaeum (Asander), gold, staters (44-16 BCE)
From SILVER
44 BCE - 15 BCE Gold 78,096 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Asander to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΣΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Nike striding left on prow of galley, holding wreath in her right hand and palm in her left, in the inner left field, ς (retrograde) |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Panticapaeum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bosporus | Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea) | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Asander of Bosporus (Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom, 47-17 BC), Bosporan kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 44 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 15 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC  , Roman from 30 BC
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nawotka 1991/1992 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 56, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RPC I, n° 1854, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 7, n° 201 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 16 | 55.17 | 16 | 28.57 | 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29 |
| 2 | 5 | 17.24 | 10 | 17.86 | 1, 2, 5, 12, 26 |
| 3 | 5 | 17.24 | 15 | 26.79 | 9, 10, 18, 22, 24 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.45 | 4 | 7.14 | 13 |
| 5 | 1 | 3.45 | 5 | 8.93 | 20 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.45 | 6 | 10.71 | 16 |
| Total | 29 of 29 | 100 | 56 of 56 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 37 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 56 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.93 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.51 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.28 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 55.17 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 48.81 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 976,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 60.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 71.43% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,294.61 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 78,096 kg <br /> 78,096 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,736.53 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Nawotka, Krzystof (1991/1992), "Asander of the Bosporus : His Coinage and Chronology", American Journal of Numismatics, 3-4, p. 21-48, pl. 3-4.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Amandry, Michel - Burnett, Andrew - Ripolles, Pere Pau (1998), Roman provincial coinage. I. From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AC 69), London-Paris, 2 vol., xvii + 812 p., 195 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
