Panticapaeum, silver, drachms (550-410 BCE)
From SILVER
550 BCE - 410 BCE Silver 4,263 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of lion facing. |
| Reverse: | ΠΑ (type X) ; ΠΑΝ (type XI) ; ΠΑΝΤ(Ι) (type XVII) ; ΑΠΟΛ (type XXXV) (Greek).Quadripartite incuse square with windmill pattern |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Panticapaeum | Ancient region: | Bosporus | Modern country: Russia (Crimea) | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 550 BCE | to | 410 BCE | Period: Archaic until 480 BC  , Classical 480-323 BC
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 5.30 | Denomination: | drachma
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Frolova 2004, p. 17-42, no. 1-2, 31, 293-297, 312, 400, 539b (types I, II, X, XI, XVII, XXXV) | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2MacDonald 2005, n° 1/2, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 7, n° 26 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 10 | 90.91 | 10 | 71.43 | |
| 4 | 1 | 9.09 | 4 | 28.57 | |
| Total | 11 of 11 | 100 | 14 of 14 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 11 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 11 | Number of coins (n) | 14 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.27 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 90.91 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 40.22 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 804,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 51.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 28.57% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 696.17 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,263 kg <br /> 4,263 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 1,740.43 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Frolova, Nina A. (2004), Die frühe Münzprägung vom Kimmerischen Bosporos (Mitte 6. Bis Anfang 4. Jh.v.Chr.). Die Münzen der Städte Pantikapaion, Theodosia, Nymphaion und Phanagoria sowie der Sinder, Berlin, 96 p., 33 pl.
- ^ MacDonald, David (2005), An introduction to the history and coinage of the kingdom of the Bosporus : including the coinage of Panticapaeum (with "Apollonia" and "Myrmecium"), Phanagoria, Gorgippia, Sindicus Limen or the Sindoi, Nymphaeum, Theodosia, and the kings of the Cimmerian Empire, Lancaster, Penn., London, Classical Numismatic Group, p. 152.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
