Panticapaeum, Gorgippia, Phanagoria (Mithridates Eupator), billon, didrachms (89-85 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 9193


89 BCE - 85 BCE Silver 4,167 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΠΑΝΤΙΚΑΠΑΙΩΝ (Greek).Legend within ivy wreath with bunch of grapes on the top. Above, monogram.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Panticapaeum Ancient regionAncient region.: Bosporus Modern countryModern country: Russia (Crimea) AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Mithridates VI Eupator (king of the Pontic kingdom, c. 120-63 BC), Pontic kingdom
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 89 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 85 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 8.20 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: didrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S429 Panticapaeum didrachms.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Abramzon et al. 20211Abramzon et al. 2021
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 1697, Sear II3Sear II, n° 3612, HGC 74HGC 7, n° 98 and 162
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2 1 3.85 2 0.42 24
3 1 3.85 3 0.63 5
4 2 7.69 8 1.67 1, 23
6 1 3.85 6 1.25 11
7 3 11.54 21 4.38 4, 6, 19
8 2 7.69 16 3.33 15, 20
9 2 7.69 18 3.75 10, 21
10 3 11.54 30 6.25 2, 18, 22
11 1 3.85 11 2.29 26
15 1 3.85 15 3.13 8
17 1 3.85 17 3.54 25
18 2 7.69 36 7.5 9, 13
20 1 3.85 20 4.17 14
23 1 3.85 23 4.79 7
25 1 3.85 25 5.21 16
29 1 3.85 29 6.04 17
40 1 3.85 40 8.33 3
160 1 3.85 160 33.33 12
Total 26 of 26 100.04 480 of 480 100.01
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 26 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  0
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 42 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 480
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 18.46 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 11.43
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.62 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  0 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  25.41 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  508,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 27.49 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00094
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 100% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  37,780.4
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  4,167 kg <br /> 4,167 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  94,451
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Coins in name of Panticapaeum, Phanagoria and Gorgippia are heavily interlinked; they have been struck in the same mint, most likely Panticapaeum. They content of silver is poor (c. 40%)

References

  1. ^  Abramzon, Mikhail G. - Novichikhin, Andrei M. - Saprykina, Irina A. - Smekalova, Tatiana N. (2021), A Hoard of Bosporan Didrachms from the Village of Fontalovskaya (IGCH 1143): The Mithridatic Wars Time Mercenaries' Salary?, Moscow, 2021.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
  4. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.