Panormus (Carthaginian empire), silver, didrachms (standing hound/female head) (415-405 BCE)
From SILVER
415 BCE - 405 BCE Silver 1,459 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΠANOPMO ou ş y ş (Greek; Punic).Hound standing r., above, barley-grain. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Female head r., with hair in topknot, behind, crayfish |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Panormus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Carthaginian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 415 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 405 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.25 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Jenkins 1971, n° 1-13. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 880, 883 and 887-888, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 84, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 924 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 12.5 | 1 | 2.44 | 1 |
| 2 | 4 | 50 | 8 | 19.51 | 2, 5, 6, 7 |
| 4 | 1 | 12.5 | 4 | 9.76 | 1 |
| 11 | 1 | 12.5 | 11 | 26.83 | l |
| 17 | 1 | 12.5 | 17 | 41.46 | 3 |
| Total | 8 of 8 | 100 | 41 of 41 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 8 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 12 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 41 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.13 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.42 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 12.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 8.84 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 176,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.94 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00023 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.56% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,276.02 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,459 kg <br /> 1,459 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,190.05 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1971), "Coins of Punic Sicily. Part 1", Revue Suisse de Numismatique, 50, p. 25-78, pl. 1-24.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
