Paeonia (uncertain mint) (Audoleon), silver, tetradrachms (289/8-287/6 BCE)
From SILVER
289 BCE - 286 BCE Silver 14,147 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated on left with sceptre and eagle, in front tripod. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Paeonia (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Paeonia | Modern countryModern country: | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Audoleon of Paeonia (315-285 BCE), Paeonian kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 289 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 286 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Waggoner 1983, p. 5-21, pl. 1-5. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 1524, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 125, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 3.1, n° 157 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 12 | 41.38 | 12 | 17.39 | 1, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27 |
| 2 | 7 | 24.14 | 14 | 20.29 | 2, 3, 8, 16, 18, 23, 29 |
| 3 | 6 | 20.69 | 18 | 26.09 | 4, 10, 12, 17, 22, 25 |
| 5 | 2 | 6.9 | 10 | 14.49 | 26, 28 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.45 | 6 | 8.7 | 11 |
| 9 | 1 | 3.45 | 9 | 13.04 | 9 |
| Total | 29 of 29 | 100.01 | 69 of 69 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 29 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 52 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 69 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.38 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.33 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.79 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 41.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 41.61 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 832,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 50.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00008 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.61% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,316.51 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 14,147 kg <br /> 14,147 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,291.28 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Waggoner, Nancy M. (1983), "Further Reflections on Audoleon and His Alexander Mint", dans RBN, 129, p. 5-21, pl. 1-5.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
