Olynthus (Chalcidian League), silver, tetrobols (Apollo/cithara) (432-358 BCE)
From SILVER
432 BCE - 358 BCE Silver 4,007 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Apollo to right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | XAΛKIΔEΩN (Greek).Kithara with seven strings. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Olynthus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Chalcidian League (c. 430-348 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 432 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 358 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Robinson - Clement 1938 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 3.1, n° 502, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 157 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 21 | 28 | 21 | 6.91 | 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 28, 31, 34, 39, 42, 46, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 74 |
| 2 | 16 | 21.33 | 32 | 10.53 | 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 22, 27, 33, 37, 40, 44, 45, 58, 75 |
| 3 | 11 | 14.67 | 33 | 10.86 | 3, 7, 10, 18, 25, 30, 35, 38, 41, 50, 61 |
| 4 | 4 | 5.33 | 16 | 5.26 | 23, 26, 43, 64 |
| 5 | 6 | 8 | 30 | 9.87 | 5, 36, 52, 56, 66, 70 |
| 6 | 4 | 5.33 | 24 | 7.89 | 32, 49, 57, 71 |
| 7 | 1 | 1.33 | 7 | 2.3 | 12 |
| 8 | 2 | 2.67 | 16 | 5.26 | 53, 73 |
| 9 | 2 | 2.67 | 18 | 5.92 | 51, 59 |
| 10 | 2 | 2.67 | 20 | 6.58 | 54, 72 |
| 12 | 2 | 2.67 | 24 | 7.89 | 29, 60 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.33 | 13 | 4.28 | 55 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.33 | 14 | 4.61 | 48 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.33 | 17 | 5.59 | 47 |
| 19 | 1 | 1.33 | 19 | 6.25 | 67 |
| Total | 75 of 75 | 99.99 | 304 of 304 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 75 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 21 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 76 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 304 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.05 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.01 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 28 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 87.11 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,742,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 99.56 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00017 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,979.68 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,007 kg <br /> 4,007 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 17,449.2 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Robinson, David M. - Clement, Paul Augustus (1938), Excavations at Olynthus. Part IX : The Chalcidic Mint and the Excavations Coins Found in 1928-1934, Baltimore.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
