Nymphaeum? (Sammas), silver, diobols (438-436 BCE)
From SILVER
438 BCE - 436 BCE Silver 155 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of a nymph to right, her hair bound in a sphendone |
| Reverse: | ΣAMMA (Greek).Head of a lion to right, all within shallow incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Nymphaeum | Ancient region: | Bosporus | Modern country: Russia (Crimea) | Authority: | Sammas (dynast of uncertain place in the Thraco-Macedonian region) |
Chronology
| From | 438 BCE | to | 436 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 1.30 | Denomination: | diobol
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Stolba 1998, n° 1-9 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMAC, n° 100, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 7, n° 15 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 11.11 | 2 |
| 2 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 22.22 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 | 50 | 6 | 66.67 | 1, 4 |
| Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 9 of 9 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 7 | Number of coins (n) | 9 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2.25 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.29 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 5.95 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 119,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 7.2 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00008 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.89% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 3,025.21 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 155 kg <br /> 155 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 7,563.03 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Stolba, Vladimir (1998), "ΣAMMAΣ: Zur Prägung eines bosporanischen Tyrannen," in Ulrike Peter (ed.), Stephanos nomismatikos: Edith Schönert-Geiss zum 65. Geburtstag, Berlin, Akademie Verlag. p.601-611
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
