Nicomedia? (Nicomedes), silver, tetradrachms (Nicomedes/standing Zeus) (128-73 BCE)
From SILVER
128 BCE - 73 BCE Silver 148,830 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Diademed head of Nikomedes III to right |
| Reverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΝΙΚΟΜΗΔΟΥ (Greek).Zeus standing front, head to left, crowning the king's name with his right hand and holding long scepter in his left, to inner left, eagle standing left on thunderbolt above monogram and AϘΡ (date) |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Nicomedia | Ancient region: | Bithynia | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: | Kingdom of Bithynia (late 4th c.-74 BC), Nicomedes II of Bithynia (king of Bithynia, 149-127 BC) |
Chronology
| From | 128 BCE | to | 73 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 16.70 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Callataÿ 1997a | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 7274-7277, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 199, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 7, n° 645 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 138 | 56.79 | 138 | 31.72 | 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 75, 77, 78, 81, 83, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 114, 115, 116, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 136, 138, 139, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 175, 177, 178, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 208, 211, 212, 214, 218, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 237, 239, 242, 243 |
| 2 | 64 | 26.34 | 128 | 29.43 | 8, 10, 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 36, 40, 44, 48, 51, 52, 56, 62, 70, 71, 72, 74, 79, 82, 86, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 106, 112, 113, 118, 119, 121, 125, 129, 132, 133, 135, 144, 146, 155, 158, 172, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 189, 193, 197, 198, 210, 213, 215, 216, 220, 236, 238, 241 |
| 3 | 17 | 7 | 51 | 11.72 | 4, 39, 55, 84, 87, 101, 109, 110, 134, 137, 141, 143, 169, 179, 207, 222, 233 |
| 4 | 13 | 5.35 | 52 | 11.95 | 43, 65, 80, 100, 117, 130, 140, 163, 171, 173, 206, 209, 217 |
| 5 | 3 | 1.23 | 15 | 3.45 | 73, 192, 240 |
| 6 | 6 | 2.47 | 36 | 8.28 | 28, 66, 152, 160, 168, 203 |
| 7 | 1 | 0.41 | 7 | 1.61 | 76 |
| 8 | 1 | 0.41 | 8 | 1.84 | 11 |
| Total | 243 of 243 | 100 | 435 of 435 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 243 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 138 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 379 | Number of coins (n) | 435 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.79 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.56 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 56.79 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 445.6 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 8,912,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 550.55 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 68.28% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 1,952.42 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 148,830 kg <br /> 148,830 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 4,881.06 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), L'histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies, Numismatica Lovaniensia 18, Louvain-la-Neuve, XIII + 481 p. et 54 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
