Naxus, silver, litrae (Dionysus/bung of grapes) (510-490 BCE)
From SILVER
510 BCE - 490 BCE Silver 377 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Archaic head of bearded Dionysos left, wearing ivy wreath |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | NAXION (Greek).Bunch of grapes, ИOIXAИ across lower field |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Naxus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 510 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 490 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Cahn 1944, p. 105-109, n° 12-32 et p. 113-114, n° 50-53. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 728, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 76, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 967 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 21.05 | 4 | 6.56 | 11, 13, 23, 38 |
| 2 | 4 | 21.05 | 8 | 13.11 | 10, 14, 21, 36 |
| 3 | 5 | 26.32 | 15 | 24.59 | 15, 16, 17, 19, 22 |
| 4 | 3 | 15.79 | 12 | 19.67 | 8, 18, 20 |
| 6 | 1 | 5.26 | 6 | 9.84 | 37 |
| 8 | 2 | 10.53 | 16 | 26.23 | 9, 12 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 100 | 61 of 61 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 22 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 61 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.21 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.77 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.16 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.05 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 23.56 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 471,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 27.6 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.44% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,178.27 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 377 kg <br /> 377 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,945.67 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Cahn, Herbert A. (1944), Die Münzen der sizilischen Stadt Naxos. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte des griechischen Westens, Basel, 168 p., XII pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
