Naxus, silver, drachms (Dionysus/bunch of grapes) (510-490 BCE)
From SILVER
510 BCE - 490 BCE Silver 2,682 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Dionysos facing to left, with a long pointed beard, wearing an ivy-wreath in his hair and a necklace of pearls, all within a border of dots within two linear circles. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | NAXION (Greek).Bunch of grapes on a stalk with two leaves |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Naxus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 510 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 490 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: | Chalcidian |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Cahn 1944, p. 102-105, n° 1-11 et p. 109-113, n° 33-49. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 727, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 75, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 966-967 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 21.05 | 4 | 7.14 | 3, 32, 34, 35 |
| 2 | 6 | 31.58 | 12 | 21.43 | 1, 4, 24, 25, 26, 31 |
| 3 | 3 | 15.79 | 9 | 16.07 | 5, 7, 28 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.26 | 4 | 7.14 | 33 |
| 5 | 3 | 15.79 | 15 | 26.79 | 6, 27, 29 |
| 6 | 2 | 10.53 | 12 | 21.43 | 2, 30 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 100 | 56 of 56 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 22 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 56 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.95 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.55 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.16 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 21.05 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 24.38 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 487,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 28.76 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.86% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,593.93 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,682 kg <br /> 2,682 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,484.82 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Cahn, Herbert A. (1944), Die Münzen der sizilischen Stadt Naxos. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte des griechischen Westens, Basel, 168 p., XII pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
