Metapontum, silver, obols (400-350 BCE)
From SILVER
400 BCE - 350 BCE Silver 321 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Five-grained ear with faint linear border |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Small head of man-headed bull (Achelous) in profile to r., with small annulet in front and behind |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Metapontum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 400 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 350 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | obol , hemihekte
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Noe - Johnston 1984, n° 347-359. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 400-401, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 6c, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 1492 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 7 | 58.33 | 7 | 31.82 | 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359 |
| 2 | 2 | 16.67 | 4 | 18.18 | 350, 351 |
| 3 | 2 | 16.67 | 6 | 27.27 | 348, 352 |
| 5 | 1 | 8.33 | 5 | 22.73 | 347 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 100 | 22 of 22 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 22 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.83 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.83 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 58.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 21.39 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 427,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 26.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 68.18% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,057.04 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 321 kg <br /> 321 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,142.59 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Noe, Sydney P. - Jonhston, Ann (1984), The coinage of Metapontum. Parts 1 and 2 with additions and corrections by Ann Johnston, Numismatic Notes and Monographs 32 and 47, New York, ix, 120 p., 44 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
