Messana (Anaxilas), silver, tetradrachms (facing head of lion/head of calf) (488-481 BCE)
From SILVER
488 BCE - 481 BCE Silver 3,800 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Lion's mask facing |
| Reverse: | ΜΕ − Σ − Σ − ΕΝΙΟΝ (Latin).Calf head l. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Messana | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: | Anaxilas II (494-476 BCE) |
Chronology
| From | 488 BCE | to | 481 BCE | Period: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 17.40 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 1-13. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 725, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 64, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 2469, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 2, n ° 778 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 12 | Number of coins (n) | 31 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 3.44 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 2.58 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 44.44 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 10.92 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 218,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 12.68 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.1% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 5,677.66 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 3,800 kg <br /> 3,800 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 14,194.14 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
