Messana, silver, litrae (springing hare/MEΣ in a wreath) (420-413 BCE)
From SILVER
420 BCE - 413 BCE Silver 383 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Hare springing r., scallop shell below. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MEΣ (Greek).Legend within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messana | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 420 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 413 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | litra
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 568-98. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2SNG ANS 4 Sicily, n° 348-9, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 69, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 817 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 6 | 26.09 | 6 | 7.06 | 8, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23 |
| 2 | 10 | 43.48 | 20 | 23.53 | 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19 |
| 4 | 2 | 8.7 | 8 | 9.41 | 4, 16 |
| 6 | 1 | 4.35 | 6 | 7.06 | 12 |
| 10 | 1 | 4.35 | 10 | 11.76 | 5 |
| 11 | 2 | 8.7 | 22 | 25.88 | 1, 13 |
| 13 | 1 | 4.35 | 13 | 15.29 | 6 |
| Total | 23 of 23 | 100.02 | 85 of 85 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 23 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 26 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 85 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.7 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 26.09 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 27.35 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 547,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.53 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00016 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.94% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,215.72 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 383 kg <br /> 383 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,539.31 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 4. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 2 (Galaria - Styella), New York, 1977, 25 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
