Messana, bronze, tetrantes (female head/springing hare with three pellets) (420-413 BCE)
From SILVER
420 BCE - 413 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | Female head r. |
| Reverse: | Hare running to left, three pellets (mark of value) below, all within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Messana | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 420 BCE | to | 413 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 2.10 | Denomination: | tetras | Standard: |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, Series XIV, n° 551-557. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMAC, n° 69, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 2, n° 828 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 4 | 66.67 | 4 | 50 | 2, 3, 5, 6 |
| 2 | 2 | 33.33 | 4 | 50 | 1, 4 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100 | 8 of 8 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 7 | Number of coins (n) | 8 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.33 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 66.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 18.97 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 379,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 24 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 50% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 843.44 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 2,108.59 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
