Messana, bronze, litrai (Heracles/standing lion) (278-275 BCE)
From SILVER
278 BCE - 275 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΜΕΣΣΑΝIΩN (Greek).Head of Herakles left, wearing lion skin headdress |
| Reverse: | Lion standing right, club above, torch in exergue |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Messana | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 278 BCE | to | 275 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 6.10 | Denomination: | litra
|
Standard: |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, n° 895-933 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Calciati 1983, n° 23, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3SNG ANS 4 Sicily, n° 396, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 29, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 2, n° 839 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 16 | 51.61 | 16 | 27.59 | 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31 |
| 2 | 6 | 19.35 | 12 | 20.69 | 4, 19, 22, 23, 27, 28 |
| 3 | 7 | 22.58 | 21 | 36.21 | 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 16, 17 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.23 | 4 | 6.9 | 29 |
| 5 | 1 | 3.23 | 5 | 8.62 | 10 |
| Total | 31 of 31 | 100 | 58 of 58 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 31 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 37 | Number of coins (n) | 58 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.87 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.57 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.19 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 51.61 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 53.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 1,079,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 66.59 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 72.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 2,148.55 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 5,371.37 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Calciati, Romolo (1983), Corpus nummorum siculorum. La monetazione di bronzo/The bronze coinage, vol. 1, Milan, Edizioni G. M.
- ^ Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 4. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 2 (Galaria - Styella), New York, 1977, 25 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
