Mesembria, bronze (Athena/wheel) (360-340 BCE)
From SILVER
360 BCE - 340 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena left or right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΜΕΤΑ (Greek).Wheel surrounded by rays. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Mesembria | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 360 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 340 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.26 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Karayotov 2009, p. 138-145. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 3.2, n° 1580 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 24 | 60 | 24 | 27.91 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 |
| 2 | 8 | 20 | 16 | 18.6 | 7, 10, 11, 21, 22, 23, 33, 40 |
| 3 | 5 | 12.5 | 15 | 17.44 | 8, 14, 17, 24, 28 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.5 | 6 | 6.98 | 25 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.5 | 9 | 10.47 | 32 |
| 16 | 1 | 2.5 | 16 | 18.6 | 9 |
| Total | 40 of 40 | 100 | 86 of 86 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 40 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 24 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 59 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 86 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.15 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.46 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.48 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 60 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 61.4 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,228,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 74.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 72.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,801.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 7,003.26 |
Remarks
