Maroneia, silver, tetradrachms (Dionysus/standing Dionysus) (189-45 BCE)
From SILVER
189 BCE - 45 BCE Silver 39,107 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Wreathed head of young Dionysos right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΥ ΣΩΤΗPΟΣ MAPΩNITΩN (Greek).Dionysos standing nude to left, holding bunch of grapes, two spears and cloak |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Maroneia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 189 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 45 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Schönert-Geiss 1987, p. 182-201, n° 976-1353 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 1635, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 80, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 3.2, n° 1556 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 20 | 18.35 | 20 | 3.49 | 8, 11, 16, 21, 30, 32, 36, 40, 47, 57, 58, 63, 84, 86, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 |
| 2 | 21 | 19.27 | 42 | 7.33 | 3, 5, 10, 13, 14, 20, 26, 28, 39, 45, 56, 62, 70, 80, 82, 83, 87, 92, 95, 102, 109 |
| 3 | 15 | 13.76 | 45 | 7.85 | 6, 9, 12, 15, 42, 46, 50, 75, 76, 85, 89, 91, 97, 107, 108 |
| 4 | 8 | 7.34 | 32 | 5.58 | 17, 23, 49, 55, 73, 81, 88, 106 |
| 5 | 8 | 7.34 | 40 | 6.98 | 7, 18, 24, 43, 44, 90, 94, 101 |
| 6 | 11 | 10.09 | 66 | 11.52 | 1, 4, 22, 27, 29, 52, 53, 60, 68, 69, 78 |
| 7 | 2 | 1.83 | 14 | 2.44 | 38, 41 |
| 8 | 4 | 3.67 | 32 | 5.58 | 61, 65, 79, 105 |
| 9 | 3 | 2.75 | 27 | 4.71 | 2, 51, 59 |
| 11 | 4 | 3.67 | 44 | 7.68 | 71, 72, 74, 93 |
| 12 | 5 | 4.59 | 60 | 10.47 | 33, 37, 54, 66, 77 |
| 14 | 3 | 2.75 | 42 | 7.33 | 19, 31, 34 |
| 21 | 2 | 1.83 | 42 | 7.33 | 35, 48 |
| 22 | 2 | 1.83 | 44 | 7.68 | 25, 64 |
| 23 | 1 | 0.92 | 23 | 4.01 | 67 |
| Total | 109 of 109 | 99.99 | 573 of 573 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 109 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 20 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 346 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 573 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.26 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.66 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 18.35 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 119.96 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,399,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 134.61 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00024 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.51% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,553.18 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 39,107 kg <br /> 39,107 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 23,882.96 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1987), Die Münzprägung von Maroneia, Griechische Münzwerk. Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur der Antike 26, Berlin.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
