Malaca, bronze, 1/4 units (ca 4.3g) (Vulcan/temple tetrastyle) (100-40 BCE)
From SILVER
100 BCE - 40 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | (Punic).Head of Vulcan to the right, behind pincers and Punic legend type B |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Tetrastyle temple |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Malaca | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Hispania Ulterior | Modern countryModern country: Spain | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 100 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 40 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | quadrans
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Campo - Mora-Serrano 1995, p. 269-275, n° 241-269 (Period III, Series 5) and p. 283, n° 310-313 (Series 6) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2ACIP, n° 792-795 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 6 | 27.27 | 6 | 6.59 | 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16 |
| 2 | 6 | 27.27 | 12 | 13.19 | 4, 11, 13, 14, 6/2, 6/4 |
| 3 | 3 | 13.64 | 9 | 9.89 | 5, 15, 6/1 |
| 4 | 2 | 9.09 | 8 | 8.79 | 9, 6/3 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.55 | 5 | 5.49 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | 4.55 | 10 | 10.99 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 | 4.55 | 11 | 12.09 | 3 |
| 14 | 1 | 4.55 | 14 | 15.38 | 18 |
| 16 | 1 | 4.55 | 16 | 17.58 | 17 |
| Total | 22 of 22 | 100.02 | 91 of 91 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 22 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 28 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 91 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.14 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.25 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.27 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 27.27 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 25.43 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 508,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 29.01 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00018 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,156.9 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 17,892.25 |
Remarks
