Lycia (uncertain mint) (Lycian League), silver, drachms (Apollo/cithara) (167-77 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8002

167 BCE - 77 BCE Silver 25,560 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Laureate head of Apollo right, with bow and quiver over his shoulder.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΛΥΚΙΩΝ (Greek).ΛYKIΩN / K-O Kithara, to lower left, Isis crown, all within rectangular incuse.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Lycia (uncertain mint)

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Lycia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Lycian League

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

167 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

77 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

2.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

drachma

StandardStandard.:

Image

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Troxell 1982
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5267-5271, 5283, 5285, 5287, 5291-5298, 5311-5312, 5319, 5340, 5344, 5346, 5351, 5365, 5374-5375, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 255
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/tlos troxell 1982 2 12

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	140	69.65	140	45.02	5/3, 5/4, 5/6, 5/7, 5/8, 5/9, 5/10, 5/11, 5/12, 5/13, 5/14, 7/2, 8/3, 9/1, 10/1, 11/2, 12/1, 12/2, 12/5, 13/1, 14/1, 14/2, 14/3, 15/1, 16/1, 16/2, 19/1, 19/2, 19/3, 19/4, 19/5, 19/6, 19/7, 20/1, 20/2, 20/3, 21/1, 21/2, 22/1, 23/1, 25/1, 26/1, 26/2, 26/4, 27/1, 28/3, 29/1, 29/2, 29/3, 30/1, 31/1, 31/2, 32/1, 33/1, 34/2, 34/3, 35/2, 35/3, 35/4, 35/5, 36/1, 37/1, 38/2, 38/3, 38/4, 38/6, 38/7, 38/9, 38/10, 38/11, 38/12, 40/1, 40/2, 44/1, 44/2, 45/1, 45?4, 45/9, 45/10, 45/11, 46/1, 47/2, 47/3, 47/5, 47/6, 47/8, 47/10, 47/11, 47/12, 47/13, 47/14, 47/15, 47/16, 47/18, 47/20, 47, 23, 47/24, 47/25, 47/26, 47/28, 47/30, 47/31, 48/1, 49/1, 50/2, 50/3, 50/5, 50/6, 50/7, 52/2, 52/3, 52/4, 53/1, 53/2, 53/3, 53/5, 53/6, 53/7, 53/8, 53/9, 53/10, 54/1, 54/2, 55/2, 55/3, 55/4, 56/2, 56/5, 56/6, 56/7, 57/1, 57/2, 57/3, 57/4, 58/1
2	36	17.91	72	23.15	5/1, 5/2, 5/5, 7/1, 11/1, 12/3, 12/4, 17/1, 18/1, 20/4, 24/1, 26/3, 29/4, 30/2, 34/1, 35/1, 38/8, 40/3, 42/2, 43/1, 45/2, 45/6, 45/8, 46/2, 47/1, 47/7, 47/17, 47/21, 47/22, 47/27, 50/1, 52/1, 53/4, 55/1, 56/4
3	14	6.97	42	13.5	34/4, 38/1, 38/5, 38/15, 40/4, 41/1, 45/3, 46/3, 47/4, 47/19, 47/29, 50/4, 51/2, 56/3
4	6	2.99	24	7.72	28/2, 36/2, 38/13, 42/3, 45/5, 45/7
5	2	1	10	3.22	28/1, 51/1
6	1	0.5	6	1.93	47/9
7	1	0.5	7	2.25	47/32
10	1	0.5	10	3.22	40/5
Total	201 of 201	100.02	311 of 311	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	201	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	140
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	266	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	311
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.55	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.17
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.32	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	69.65 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	456.43	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	9,128,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	568.28	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00003
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	54.98%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	1,362.75
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	25,560 kg <br /> 25,560 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	3,406.88

Remarks

Likely military

These coins are attributed to many mints

References

^ Troxell, Hyla A. (1982), The Coinage of the Lycian League, NNM 162, New York.
^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.