Locri Epyzephyrii (Pyrrhus), silver, tetradrachms (280-277 BCE)
From SILVER
280 BCE - 277 BCE Silver 1,702 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus of Dodona left, wreathed with oak, Θ and ΣΕ monogram under neck truncation |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΥΡΡΟΥ (Greek).Dione seated left on high-backed throne, holding transverse lotus scepter in right hand and lifting diaphanous drapery with her left, A in exergue |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Locri Epizephyrii | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Pyrrhus (general, Aeacid king of Molossians, Macedonia and Epirus, 306-272 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 280 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 277 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.85 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S 424 - Mint of uncertain location of the Bruttii, silver, tetradrachm.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Callataÿ 20001Callataÿ 2000, Tsoukanelis 20102Tsoukanelis 2010 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I3Sear I, n° 1988, HGC 3.14HGC 3.1, n° 261 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 1.85 | 4 |
| 5 | 1 | 20 | 5 | 9.26 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 12.96 | 5 |
| 13 | 1 | 20 | 13 | 24.07 | 3 |
| 28 | 1 | 20 | 28 | 51.85 | 2 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 54 of 54 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 13 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 54 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.6 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.05 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 101,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.51 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00053 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 21,386.14 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,702 kg <br /> 1,702 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 53,465.35 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military Callataÿ 2000: 33 coins (for 54 here), 5 obverse dies (for 5 here)
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2000), "Un “octobole” de Pyrrhus surfrappé sur un statère de type corinthien. Réflexions sur les masses monnayées par Pyrrhus en or et en argent", Annali. Istituto Italiano di Numismatica, 47, p. 189-213, pl. XII-XV.
- ^ Tsoukanelis, Kimon (201), "The tetradrachms of Pyrrhus: a preliminary die study", The Celator, 24 (5), Mai 2010, p. 20-28.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
