Lappa (Lucullus), silver, tetradrachms (Athena/owl) (87-86 BCE)
From SILVER
87 BCE - 86 BCE Silver 1,034 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Athena Parthenos right, wearing pendant earring and crested Attic helmet ornamented with Pegasus above raised ear flap and four stylized horse foreparts above visor |
| Reverse: | ΛΑ—Π / ΠΑ—I / ΩΝ (Greek).Owl standing three–quarters right on fallen amphora, in right field facing bovine head with one horn curling downward, BA in exergue, olive wreath border. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Lappa | Ancient region: | Crete | Modern country: Greece | Authority: | Lucullus, Roman Republic |
Chronology
| From | 87 BCE | to | 86 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 15.90 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Le Rider 1968, p. 305-306 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 193 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 25 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 | 50 | 3 | 75 | 2 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 4 of 4 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 1 | Number of coins (n) | 4 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 4 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 3.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 65,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 2,461.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 1,034 kg <br /> 1,034 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 6,153.85 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Le Rider, Georges (1968), "Un groupe de monnaies crétoises à types athéniens", in Humanisme actif. Mélanges d'art et de littérature offerts à Julien Cain, Paris, p. 313-335, pl. 1-4.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
