Lampsacus (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (329-308 BCE)
From SILVER
329 BCE - 308 BCE Silver 12,441 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, in left field, Artemis Phosphoros standing facing, holding two torches, monogram below throne |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Lampsacus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Troas | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 329 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 308 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Thompson 1991 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 6713-6725, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Price 1991, n° 1342, 1344-1346, 1348, 1351-1353, etc., "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 202 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 9 | 29.03 | 9 | 7.38 | 22, 24, 26, 30, 34, 35, 288, 291, 292 |
| 2 | 10 | 32.26 | 20 | 16.39 | 1, 2, 3, 23, 25, 27, 33, 289, 290, 293 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.23 | 3 | 2.46 | 5 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.23 | 4 | 3.28 | 36 |
| 5 | 1 | 3.23 | 5 | 4.1 | 28 |
| 7 | 3 | 9.68 | 21 | 17.21 | 29, 37, 41 |
| 8 | 2 | 6.45 | 16 | 13.11 | 40, 42 |
| 10 | 1 | 3.23 | 10 | 8.2 | 31 |
| 11 | 2 | 6.45 | 22 | 18.03 | 32, 39 |
| 12 | 1 | 3.23 | 12 | 9.84 | 38 |
| Total | 31 of 31 | 100.02 | 122 of 122 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 31 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 74 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 122 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.94 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.65 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.39 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 29.03 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.27 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 725,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 41.56 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00017 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.62% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,727.32 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,441 kg <br /> 12,441 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 16,818.31 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Thompson, Margaret (1991), Alexander's Drachm Mints. II : Lampsacus and Abydus, New York.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
