Ilturo (Roman Republic), bronze, units (14.2g) (male head/horseman) (90-72 BCE)
From SILVER
90 BCE - 72 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Male head, with mantle, laureate, to the right Ear |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Legend (Iberian).Horseman, with chlamys and spear, to the right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ilturo | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Hispania Citerior | Modern countryModern country: Spain | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 90 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 72 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | unit
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Sinner 2014, p. 375-385, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sinner 2017 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3ACIP, n° 1348-1349 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 27 | 45 | 27 | 12.92 | 2, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 54, 56, 59, 60 |
| 2 | 10 | 16.67 | 20 | 9.57 | 1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 27, 39, 46, 57, 58 |
| 3 | 9 | 15 | 27 | 12.92 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 20, 30, 38, 50 |
| 4 | 1 | 1.67 | 4 | 1.91 | 26 |
| 5 | 1 | 1.67 | 5 | 2.39 | 13 |
| 7 | 2 | 3.33 | 14 | 6.7 | 28, 52 |
| 8 | 2 | 3.33 | 16 | 7.66 | 31, 55 |
| 9 | 2 | 3.33 | 18 | 8.61 | 18, 51 |
| 10 | 2 | 3.33 | 20 | 9.57 | 37, 49 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.67 | 11 | 5.26 | 35 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.67 | 14 | 6.7 | 48 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.67 | 15 | 7.18 | 53 |
| 18 | 1 | 1.67 | 18 | 8.61 | 32 |
| Total | 60 of 60 | 100.01 | 209 of 209 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 60 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 27 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 61 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 209 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.48 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.43 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.02 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 72.55 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,451,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 84.16 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.08% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,761.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,403.86 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Sinner, Alejandro S. (2014), Ilduro. Moneda e identidad en la Layetania republicana (Siglos II-I a. C.), PhD, Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, 549 p.
- ^ Sinner, Alejandro G. (2017), La ceca de Ilduro, Oxford, Archaeopress, 189 p.
- ^ Villaronga i Garriga, Leandre - Benages, Jaume (2011), Ancient Coinage of the Iberian Peninsula (Greek /Punic/Iberian/Roman), Barcelona, 801 p.
