Ilturo (Roman Republic), bronze, semisses (10.5g) (male head/horseman) (125-90 BCE)
From SILVER
125 BCE - 90 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed male head left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ILDuRO celtiberian legend below (Iberian).Spearhorseman galloping to right, |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Ilturo | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Hispania Citerior | Modern countryModern country: Spain | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 125 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 90 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Sinner 2014, p. 361-367, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sinner 2017 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3ACIP, n° 1338 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 10.53 | 2 | 1.34 | 1, 11 |
| 2 | 3 | 15.79 | 6 | 4.03 | 6, 7, 8 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.26 | 3 | 2.01 | 16 |
| 4 | 3 | 15.79 | 12 | 8.05 | 4, 12, 15 |
| 5 | 2 | 10.53 | 10 | 6.71 | 2, 5 |
| 7 | 2 | 10.53 | 14 | 9.4 | 3, 10 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.26 | 10 | 6.71 | 18 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.26 | 15 | 10.07 | 13 |
| 16 | 1 | 5.26 | 16 | 10.74 | 17 |
| 17 | 1 | 5.26 | 17 | 11.41 | 19 |
| 21 | 1 | 5.26 | 21 | 14.09 | 14 |
| 23 | 1 | 5.26 | 23 | 15.44 | 9 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 99.99 | 149 of 149 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 28 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 149 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.84 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 5.32 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.47 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 10.53 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.76 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 395,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 21.78 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00038 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.66% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 15,080.97 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 37,702.43 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Sinner, Alejandro S. (2014), Ilduro. Moneda e identidad en la Layetania republicana (Siglos II-I a. C.), PhD, Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, 549 p.
- ^ Sinner, Alejandro G. (2017), La ceca de Ilduro, Oxford, Archaeopress, 189 p.
- ^ Villaronga i Garriga, Leandre - Benages, Jaume (2011), Ancient Coinage of the Iberian Peninsula (Greek /Punic/Iberian/Roman), Barcelona, 801 p.
