Halicarnassus (Pixodarus), silver, didrachms (Apollo/Zeus Labraundos) (340-335 BCE)
From SILVER
340 BCE - 335 BCE Silver 9,886 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Apollo facing slightly right, wearing laurel wreath, drapery at neck. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠYΞOΔAPOY (Greek).Zeus Labraundos standing right, ΠIΞOΔAPOY to right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Halicarnassus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire, Pixodarus of Caria (satrap of Caria, 340-335 BC), Hecatomnid dynasty |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 340 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 335 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC255 Halicarnassus.jpeg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Konuk 1998b1Konuk 1998b, n° 5-244 (D1-D60 et R1-R225). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 4966, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 255 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 11 | 18.33 | 11 | 2.13 | 23, 31, 33, 42, 45, 46, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56 |
| 2 | 8 | 13.33 | 16 | 3.1 | 24, 26, 36, 37, 49, 50, 53, 57 |
| 3 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 1.74 | 43, 44, 48 |
| 4 | 5 | 8.33 | 20 | 3.88 | 19, 20, 25, 34, 35 |
| 5 | 5 | 8.33 | 25 | 4.84 | 11, 30, 32, 38, 40 |
| 6 | 6 | 10 | 36 | 6.98 | 8, 14, 22, 27, 47, 58 |
| 7 | 2 | 3.33 | 14 | 2.71 | 7, 12 |
| 8 | 3 | 5 | 24 | 4.65 | 1, 15, 60 |
| 9 | 3 | 5 | 27 | 5.23 | 2, 9, 10 |
| 11 | 2 | 3.33 | 22 | 4.26 | 29, 39 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.67 | 12 | 2.33 | 59 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.67 | 14 | 2.71 | 28 |
| 16 | 2 | 3.33 | 32 | 6.2 | 13, 18 |
| 17 | 3 | 5 | 51 | 9.88 | 6, 16, 41 |
| 20 | 1 | 1.67 | 20 | 3.88 | 17 |
| 21 | 1 | 1.67 | 21 | 4.07 | 21 |
| 23 | 1 | 1.67 | 23 | 4.46 | 3 |
| 39 | 1 | 1.67 | 39 | 7.56 | 4 |
| 100 | 1 | 1.67 | 100 | 19.38 | 5 |
| Total | 60 of 60 | 100 | 516 of 516 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 60 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 11 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 225 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 516 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 8.6 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.29 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.75 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 18.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 61.79 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,235,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 67.89 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00042 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.87% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 16,701.73 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 9,886 kg <br /> 9,886 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 41,754.33 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Konuk, Koray (1998), The Coinage of the Hekatomnids of Caria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Oxford.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
