Halicarnassus (Pixodarus), gold, 1/12th darics (Apollo/Zeus Labraundos) (340-335 BCE)
From SILVER
340 BCE - 335 BCE Gold 3,388 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Apollo left or right, wearing laurel wreath. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠYΞOΔA(PO) (Greek).Zeus Labraundos standing right, wearing chiton and himation at his waist and wrapped around his left arm, holding labrys and inverted spear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Halicarnassus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire, Pixodarus of Caria (satrap of Caria, 340-335 BC), Hecatomnid dynasty |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 340 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 335 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 1/12 daric | StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
Pixodarus_12th_daric.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Konuk 1998b1Konuk 1998b, n° 282 et 296-311. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMAC2RQEMAC, n° 253 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 17 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 20 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.18 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.42 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 24.2 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 484,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 30 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 70% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,652.89 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,388 kg <br /> 3,388 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 4,132.23 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
