Halicarnassus (Orontopates) silver, tetradrachms (Apollo/Zeus Labraundos) (336-334 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 7600


336 BCE - 334 BCE Silver 3,207 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Head of Apollo facing slightly right, wearing laurel wreath and drapery around neck.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: POONTOΠATOY (Greek).Zeus Labraundos standing right, wearing chiton and himation wrapped around the left arm, POONTOΠATOY to right.
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Halicarnassus Ancient regionAncient region.: Caria Modern countryModern country: Turkey AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Persian Empire, Orontobates of Caria, Hecatomnid dynasty
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 336 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 334 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 15.00 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Chian-Rhodian
Image
AC257 Halicarnassus.jpeg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Konuk 1998b1Konuk 1998b, n° 1-11 (D1-D6 et R1-R11).
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: RQEMAC2RQEMAC, n° 257
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 3 50 3 27.27 1, 2, 4
2 2 33.33 4 36.36 5, 6
4 1 16.67 4 36.36 3
Total 6 of 6 100 11 of 11 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 6 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  3
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 11 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 11
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 1.83 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 1
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.83 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  50 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  10.69 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  213,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 13.2 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00005
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 72.73% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  2,058
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  3,207 kg <br /> 3,207 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  5,145
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

  1. ^  Konuk, Koray (1998), The Coinage of the Hekatomnids of Caria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Oxford.
  2. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.