Halicarnassus (Mausolus), silver, tetradrachms (Apollo/Zeus Labraundos) (375-352 BCE)
From SILVER
375 BCE - 352 BCE Silver 24,943 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Apollo facing three-quarters right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | [[Reverse legend::ΜΑΥΣΣΩΛΛ[Ο]]] (Greek).Zeus Labraundus standing right, holding double axe and spear. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Halicarnassus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hecatomnid dynasty, Mausolus of Caria (satrap of Caria, 377-353 BC), Persian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 375 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 352 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Konuk 1998b | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4954-4955, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 247 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 20 | 26.67 | 20 | 4.9 | 3, 4, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 32, 34, 39, 40, 46, 49, 50, 57, 58, 68, 72 |
| 2 | 8 | 10.67 | 16 | 3.92 | 1, 5, 17, 20, 33, 48, 56, 64 |
| 3 | 10 | 13.33 | 30 | 7.35 | 13, 16, 29, 38, 42, 52, 59, 61, 67, 73 |
| 4 | 5 | 6.67 | 20 | 4.9 | 6, 47, 51, 63, 70 |
| 5 | 2 | 2.67 | 10 | 2.45 | 22, 66 |
| 6 | 3 | 4 | 18 | 4.41 | 2, 30, 62 |
| 7 | 5 | 6.67 | 35 | 8.58 | 7, 26, 35, 36, 44 |
| 8 | 5 | 6.67 | 40 | 9.8 | 9, 24, 27, 43, 74 |
| 9 | 4 | 5.33 | 36 | 8.82 | 24, 27, 43, 74 |
| 10 | 3 | 4 | 30 | 7.35 | 8, 21, 71 |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 36 | 8.82 | 37, 45, 69 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.33 | 13 | 3.19 | 25 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.33 | 14 | 3.43 | 54 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.33 | 15 | 3.68 | 31 |
| 16 | 1 | 1.33 | 16 | 3.92 | 41 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.33 | 17 | 4.17 | 55 |
| 19 | 1 | 1.33 | 19 | 4.66 | 28 |
| 23 | 1 | 1.33 | 23 | 5.64 | 53 |
| Total | 75 of 75 | 99.99 | 408 of 408 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 75 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 20 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 408 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.44 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 26.67 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 82.05 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,641,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 91.89 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00025 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.1% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,945.16 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 24,943 kg <br /> 24,943 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 24,862.89 |
Remarks
Likely military
"Expression error: Unexpected * operator." is not a number.
References
- ^ Konuk, Koray (1998), The Coinage of the Hekatomnids of Caria [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Oxford.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
