Halicarnassus, silver, hektai (head of ketos/incuse square) (500-495 BCE)
From SILVER
500 BCE - 495 BCE Silver 2,441 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of ketos left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Incuse square with geometric pattern |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Halicarnassus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 500 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 495 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hekte
|
StandardStandard.: | Milesian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton - Konuk 2019 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton - Konuk 2019, p. 269-278 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 12 | 20.69 | 12 | 2.91 | 6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 36 |
| 2 | 8 | 13.79 | 16 | 3.88 | 9, 11, 12, 20, 27, 34, 55, 57 |
| 3 | 7 | 12.07 | 21 | 5.1 | 3, 5, 25, 35, 50, 51, 56 |
| 4 | 4 | 6.9 | 16 | 3.88 | 2, 26, 37, 53 |
| 5 | 6 | 10.34 | 30 | 7.28 | 8, 13, 18, 19, 38, 52 |
| 6 | 3 | 5.17 | 18 | 4.37 | 42, 48, 49 |
| 7 | 1 | 1.72 | 7 | 1.7 | 16 |
| 8 | 2 | 3.45 | 16 | 3.88 | 7, 44 |
| 9 | 3 | 5.17 | 27 | 6.55 | 39, 46, 54 |
| 10 | 2 | 3.45 | 20 | 4.85 | 1, 28 |
| 11 | 2 | 3.45 | 22 | 5.34 | 4, 45 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.72 | 12 | 2.91 | 40 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.72 | 14 | 3.4 | 29 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.72 | 17 | 4.13 | 58 |
| 19 | 1 | 1.72 | 19 | 4.61 | 33 |
| 32 | 1 | 1.72 | 32 | 7.77 | 43 |
| 34 | 1 | 1.72 | 34 | 8.25 | 47 |
| 35 | 1 | 1.72 | 35 | 8.5 | 41 |
| 44 | 1 | 1.72 | 44 | 10.68 | 30 |
| Total | 58 of 58 | 99.96 | 412 of 412 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 58 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 67 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 412 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.1 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.16 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20.69 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 61.03 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,220,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 67.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00034 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.09% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,501.56 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,441 kg <br /> 2,441 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 33,753.89 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
